Home / Vol. 1 - No. 3 / Article

THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL GOVERNANCE (ESG) IMPLEMENTATION, GENDER DIVERSITY, CAPITAL INTENSITY, AND INDEPENDENT COMMISSIONERS ON TAX AVOIDANCE WITH PROFITABILITY AS A MODERATING VARIABLE (AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF NON-CYCLICAL CONSUMER MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE IDX IN 2020-2024)

Abstract

This study examines the effects of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance, gender diversity, capital intensity, and independent commissioners on tax avoidance, with profitability serving as a moderating variable, in consumer non-cyclical manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2020–2024. The research uses a quantitative approach and applies panel data regression along with Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The sample was selected through purposive sampling, resulting in 45 firms observed across five years. The findings show that ESG, gender diversity, and capital intensity have a positive and significant effect on tax avoidance, whereas independent commissioners do not have a significant effect. In addition, profitability moderates the relationships between gender diversity, capital intensity, and independent commissioners with tax avoidance, but it does not moderate the effect of ESG on tax avoidance.